Source:The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum. It was planned as a link between Cape Town in South Africa and Port Said in Egypt. The words "Striding from Cape Town to Cairo . A more earthly approach is taken in the graphic Some One Must Back Up that heads this essay. From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. - digital file from original print Scorched earth tactics destroyed scores of villages. The caption applies the motto united we stand to the Anglo-Saxon brotherhood spreading Western civilization abroad. Source:Library of Congress. Backed by the formidable Royal Navy, Britain could maintain a policy of splendid isolation independent of European alliances for much of the century. Lifes satire of the white mans burden mystique offers a procession of the supporters of the new imperialism beginning with missionaries and ending with the traveling salesman. The countries have been jumbled to align them with American or British imperialistic interests. Our Civilized Heathen. The March of the Strenuous Civilization. C. S. Taylor,Life, April 11, 1901. Freedom and Peace for all Time. ca. Texas and U.S.S. In the U.S., the 1860s Civil War generated suspicion that neutral Britain covertly supported the Confederacy. Privacy Policy, Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Elbert F. Baldwin, https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record?libID=o276287. If you dont do it I shall have to. Udo Keppler,Puck, August 8, 1900. A post-conflict report calculated that close to 28,000 white Boers perished (the vast majority of them children under sixteen), while fatalities among incarcerated native Africans numbered over 14,000 at the very least. The penetration of missionaries into the interior of China, for example, destabilized rural economies and incited anti-foreign sentiments. French Satirical Drawings from LAssiette au Beurre(New York: Dover Publications, 1978). record ("About This Item") with your request. The imperialist rhetoric of civilization versus barbarism that took root during these years was reinforced in both the United States and England by a small flood of political cartoonscommonly executed in full color and with meticulous attention to detail. Beginning in 1896, the British carried out military expeditions in Sudan in order to reassert control over the Upper Nile region. - To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our The regular army was dissolved after the war and the ironclad warships gradually fell into disrepair. Life published many graphics that showed the humanitarian costs inflicted by war and political aggressiondespoliation, looting, concentration camps, torture, and genocideoften awkwardly interspersed amongst humorous sketches and domestic scenes. Postwar industrialization and the introduction of new commodities such as steel and electricity gradually transformed the agrarian nation. By not waiting for their consent she has greatly advanced the world's civilization. Although applicable for all exam boards the. The link between U.S. conquest of the Philippines and the lure of the China market was widely acknowledged at the time, and no one rendered this more vividly, concisely, and admiringly than the cartoonist Emil Flohri. Source:Theodore Roosevelt Center at Dickinson State University, By 1901, John Bull and Uncle Sam were bogged down in prolonged overseas wars at a cost, here, the "Philippine War $80,000,000 yearly" and the "Boer War 16,000,000 yearly." Reference staff can https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record?libID=o276287. When a Chinese coolie strikes a French soldier the result is a public cry of Barbarity! But when a French soldier strikes a coolie, it's a necessary blow for civilization. Ren Georges Hermann-Paul,Le Cri de Paris, July 10, 1899. It Ought to be a Happy New Year. As the military governor until May 1900, Otis inflated Filipino atrocities and prevented journalists, Red Cross officials, and soldiers from reporting American atrocities, though ghastly accounts slipped through. America in the China Relief Expedition(Kansas City: Hudson-Kimberly publishing company, 1903). Published in April 27, 1898, the first cartoon calls the monumental warship The Sphinx of the Period: an unknown quantity in modern warfare. About a month later, a June 1 graphic picks up on the Sphinx metaphor and declares The American Battle-Ship is No Longer an Unknown Quantity. A pugnacious sailor and sweeping U.S. flag have replaced the inscrutable sphinx; guns are smoking, the Spanish fleet lies sunken below. She researches visual narrative and digital historiography using the visual historical record.This article was adapted from Visualizing Cultures. 167-165, The American Peace Society, Boston, (December, 1989). 0 Ratings 1 Want to read; 0 Currently reading; 0 Have read; From the Cape to Cairo. The turn of the century also witnessed emergence of articulate anti-imperialist voices worldwideand this movement had its own powerful wing of incisive graphic artists. Caricature published in the newspaper Punch, 10 December 1892 Imprint: [ca. Duplication Services Web site. A year later, Judge magazine published a two-page cartoon by Victor Gillam that sets the contemporary civilization versus barbarism debate against a grand panorama of historical carnage. (Shannon: Irish University Press, 1972)(New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1972). Rhodesia Railways. LAC nsk 2021-10-04 create (1 card), Printed Ephemera Collection (Library of Congress) - Anti-Imperialist League (Washington, D.C.), Horrible nightmare of a worthy old gentleman. Orig. For example, the light of civilization literally illuminated vicious, helpless, or clueless barbarians. Good Will to Nobody.Life, January 4, 1900, Source: Widener Library, Harvard University, UnlikePuckandJudge, Life was often highly critical of U.S. overseas expansion. The Native: Ever since my home was burned to the ground and my wife and children shot.. J. Ottmann Lith. What impact might this have on its perspective or bias? Reports of the Boxer attacks seeped out of the beleaguered area and misinformation spread, like this headline in the New York Times on July 30: Wave of Massacre Spreads over China. N.Y.: J. Ottmann Lith. achievement, From the Cape to Cairo, published in 1900, not - JSTOR The aggressive quest for new marketsChinas millions being the most covetedwas justified as part of the benevolent and inevitable spread of progress. Source:Library of Congress. 14-27 (May-June 1999). Esherick, Joseph. Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and And they complain that drunken American soldiers insult the native women. Keppler, Udo J., Artist. A mound of scribbled papers from an overflowing wastebasket testifies to the coercion exerted upon him to induce cooperation. In the U.S., despite spirited resistance from Anglophobic Irish immigrants and anti-imperialist leagues, overseas military campaigns gradually gained public support. Who, they asked, was the real barbarian? MIT Visualizing Cultures "To the Person Sitting in Darkness." (ISSN 1961-9898). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Progress was promoted as an unassailable value that would bring the worlds barbarians into modern times for their own good and the good of global commerce. "MOJ 75-A 495": intended for microfilm. Summary Illustration shows Britannia carrying a large white flag labeled "Civilization" with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advancing on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled "Barbarism". The weekly magazine Judge, a rival to Puck that was published from 1881 to 1947, opened 1899 with a barbed rendering of the Anglo nations gorging on the globe. Tuffnell, Stephen. Opposing the British were the Mahdists, followers of the deceased Muhammad Ahmad al-Mahdi (d. 1885) who was a Sudanese political and religious leader of mixed Arab and African descent. | Print shows John Bull attempting to reassure Uncle Sam that the storm clouds labeled "Philippine Complications" blowing in from the right will soon pass; he gestures toward 1 print : chromolithograph. Price lists, contact information, and order forms are available on the It ought to be a Happy New Year, the caption reads. "MOJ 75-A 495": intended for microfilm. The screen in the cartoon may refer to the early films that fed public fascination with China and the Boxer crisis, including Edisons recreation of the Bombardment of Taku Forts by the Allied Fleets (1900, view in the Library of Congress) and a four-minute British production that staged the murder of a missionary by Boxers called Attack on a China Mission (1900). Bello, Walden. On November 29, 1892, while on a visit to London, Rhodes made a speech in which he dramatically announced that he intended to extend the Colony's telegraphic connections across the entire continent - not only to Lake Tanganyika and Uganda, but through the fundamentalist Islamic Sudan and all the way to British Cairo. Phillips, Richard and Jones, Rhys. Illustrated by A. D. McCormick, with fold-out color map. It would have been the largest and most important railway of that continent. If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself. Business and government colluded with the military in silencing press coverage of the poor conditions suffered by American soldiers, including scandals around tainted supplies, and the grim realities of the Philippine-American War itselfcensorship that foreshadowed the broader excising of the unpleasant war from national memory. From the Cape to Cairo the first traverse of Africa from south to north by Ewart Scott Grogan. All of the hastily organized camps, for whites and blacks alike, had inadequate accommodations, wretched sanitation, and unreliable food supplies, leading to tens of thousands of deaths from disease and starvation. By the 1890s, the U.S. began to revitalize both its commercial and naval fleets. Vol. Download this stock image: From the Cape to Cairo. LC copy from Naimusho Keihokyoku censorship collection; classified as "annei" and banned. (doi:10.1080/14650040802275644). Harpers Weekly later echoed the classroom scene with a cover captioned Uncle Sams New Class in the Art of Self-Government. The class is disrupted by revolutionaries from the new U.S. territories of the Philippines and Cuba, whose vicious fight brands them as barbarously unfit for self-rule. As the golden goose, Chinas perceived mass market was to be protected for free trade against takeover by increasingly assertive foreign powers. Civilization warns Chinas passive emperor to stop the Anarchy, Murder, and Riot spread by Boxer insurgentsvisualized as a dragon crawling over the city wallattacking missionaries, Chinese Christians, and Westerners. The caption, titled The First Duty, carries this subtitle: Civilization (to China)That dragon must be killed before our troubles can be adjusted. And the political cartoons of the timesubjective, emotional, ideological, highly politicized and at the same time, politically diversifiedconvey this complexity with unparalleled sophistication and intensity. Cartoons endorsing imperialist expansion depicted a beneficent West as father, teacher, even Santa Clausbearing the gifts of progress to benefit poor, backward, and childlike nations destined to become profitable new markets. Yet, the protagonists exchange encouraging looks, revealing the covert support behind their positions of benevolent neutrality., The Anglo-Saxon Christmas 1899. 11 [-21]. The Cape to Cairo trip is a thrilling, unpredictable journey of over 6,200 miles and it is not for the faint of heart. White man's burden--1900-1910, - Expert Help. Jesus, In an 1899 cartoon, Ren Georges Hermann-Paul attacked the hypocrisy of spreading civilization by force by juxtaposing the words Barbarie and Civilisation beneath Chinese and French combatants who alternate as victor and victim. The feminine representations of imperial nations pictured here include Russia, Turkey, Italy, Austria, Spain, and France. First created by the Frenkel brothers in 1935, who, despite their limited . Their diverse identities, however, reflect the global reach and ethnic diversity of the British empireand the extent to which England relied on colonial subjects to fight its imperialist wars. What can an observer infer about the role of native Africans in French colonial conquests from "Conquest and Competition" (Visual Source 18.2)?, 3. The Maine had been dispatched to Cuba to support an indigenous insurrection against Spain. Girls are part of the obedient older class studying books labeled California, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The only non-white student in the older group holds the book titled Alaska and is neatly coifed in contrast to the unruly new class made up of the Philippines, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and Cuba. All are depicted as dark-skinned and childish. In this blatantly racist rendering, Americas newly subjugated people appear far more primitive and barbaric than the older empires load. Citing Primary Sources. Think It Over. Cutting of Africa at the Berlin Conference published in LIllustration, January 1885. In the September 28, 1901 issue, artist Jean Veber excoriated the shameful subject of the concentration camps British forces used to weaken Boer resistance in the Anglo-Boer War of 18991902. ), Is This Imperialism?: the Boxer Uprising. There, membership in militant secret societies swelled, most prominently in the Yi He Quan (Society of the Righteous Fist), a sect known to Westerners as the Boxers. On June 21 the Empress Dowager Cixi declared war on the Allied nations. To maintain its position in the international balance of power, Britain needed allies. Retrieved from the Library of Congress. Vol. Do the Access Advisory or Call Number fields above indicate that a non-digital surrogate exists, The foothold in the Philippines brought China within reach. John Bull Good 'evins! Lucky Filipinos: the Philippine-American War. Les Camps de Reconcentration au Transvaal. Priests Horribly Tortured. Co., Puck Bldg., 1902 December 10. School Begins. Uncle Sam (to his new class in Civilization): Now, children, you've got to learn these lessons whether you want to or not! (1902) From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. Cairo and Cape Town, the twin citadels of British power and presence in Africa. Cohen, Paul A. The caption, "From the Cape to Cairo. Though carving the Chinese melon was a popular metaphor, none of the invaders seriously considered partitioning the large country under foreign rule. Boxers practiced spirit-possession rituals, often meeting in Buddhist temples, and attacked Christian missionaries and Chinese converts. The artist George Benjamin Luts offered an exceptionally scathing rendering of the linkage of conquest, commerce, and censorship in an 1899 cartoon titled The Way We Get the War News: The Manila Correspondent and the McKinley Censorship. Published in a short-lived radical periodical, The Verdict, the cartoon shows a war correspondent in chains, writing his story under the direction of military brass. A scrawny female figure in the background appears to be a skull-faced depiction of Britannia, grown thin and solitary through endless pursuit of war. | Print shows John Bull attempting to reassure Uncle Sam that the storm clouds labeled "Philippine Complications" blowing in from the right will soon pass; he gestures toward 1 print : chromolithograph. Source:William H. Walker Cartoon Collection, Princeton University Library. Illustration shows Britannia carrying a large white flag labeled "Civilization" with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advancing on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled "Barbarism". Gambone described the portraits as, a testament to the weakness of McKinley, the overarching power of Hanna, and the Trust interests that supported expansion of American business into the Pacific.. British armies had difficulty stopping mounted Boer commandos spread out over large areas of open terrain. The message suggests that the indigenous man will be brought out of ignorance through the inescapable march of progress in the form of Western civilization. Weber, Mark. | Print shows Chauncey M. Depew and Robert G. Ingersoll, each in the arms of the other, pointing to quotations attributed to them that justify American imperialist activities 1 print : chromolithograph. Powered by WordPress. (A thumbnail (small) image will be visible on the left.). Cape to Cairo Railway - Wikipedia Three savage turn-of-the-century conflicts defined the milieu in which such rhetoric flourished: the Anglo-Boer War of 18991902 in South Africa; the U.S. conquest and occupation of the Philippines initiated in 1899; and the anti-foreign Boxer Uprising in China that provoked intervention by eight foreign nations in 1900. From 1899 to 1902, the U.S. and Great Britain each became mired in colonial wars that were more vicious and long-lasting than expected. To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our An epic road trip from Cape Town to Cairo - ASMALLWORLD "Major Grogan's Financial Analysis," EAS (6 August 1926), 1, 5, 7-8. Oer The Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave? From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. The humanity of our soldiers is admirable and does not tire despite the ferocity of the Boers (Official Report to the War Office. Source:CGACGA, The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum. The divine right of kingshere, Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany as a pompous war lord mounted on a colossal cannonis intermingled with the divine mission of clergy, often the first Westerners allowed into foreign lands. A Rival Who Has Come to Stay. Original publication of Rudyard Kiplings poem, The White Mans Burden.McClures Magazine, February, 1899 (Vol. Language. Source:Bibliothque nationale de France. Uncle Sam and his English cousin have the world between them. Victor Gillam,Judge, January 7, 1899. Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. ***Appointments are virtual, but we can schedule in-person if needed. Office hours: By appointment only. But the urge to span the continent from bottom to top did not die with Rhodes's dream . Daggett, Aaron Simon. From Cape to Cairo by Bike | Free Documentary Nature Free Documentary - Nature 1.31M subscribers Subscribe 28K Share 3.3M views 1 year ago #FreeDocumentaryNature #Africa #Documentary From. available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm. Photograph. On May 1, the U.S. Navy scored its first major victory in foreign watersfar from assured given the weakness of the American fleet at the timeby defeating Spanish warships defending their longtime Pacific colony in the Battle of Manila Bay. Uncle Sam and John Bull, as fellow soldiers, survey the globe from a parapet. The Rhodes Colossus Striding From Cape Town To Cairo Analysis Eliza Herrenkohl My eye was first drawn to the man's facial expression and his helmet with his arms spread wide. Co., Puck Bldg. Heine provided Simplicissimus with what has become a justly famous image: an armed knight, representing the West, pours a torrent of blood over Asia, while his sword drips blood on Africa. The caption reads Think It Overa phrase that also appeared later in Mark Twains To the Person Sitting in Darkness essay. The caption, "From the Cape to Cairo. Do those benighted wretches fail to realize what we have accomplished in their islands? (The artist signed his name on the grave on the lower right.). President McKinley at the Conference of Foreign Missions. The fallen man clasps the flag of the Philippine independence movement, inscribed with the words Give Us Liberty. His hat quotes the most famous phrase in the U.S.