A detailed timeline of the events, works and influences of Jerome Robbins. Jerome Robbins was an American theater producer and dance choreographer best known for his work in Broadway Theater and ballet/dance. 1940's-70's Jerome Robbins Jerome : Robbins' style of jazz dance combined with classical ballet, contemporary dance, vernacular dances/ dances from other culture s and everyday . February 28, 2023, By Robbins continued to write ballets for NYCB, including Dances at a Gathering (1969); The Goldberg Variations (1971); Requiem Canticles (1972); In G Major (1975); Glass Pieces, performed to the music of Phillip Glass (1983); In Memory of (1985); Ives, Songs (1988); and West Side Story Suite (1995). An Egg McMuffin. Hearing the words come out of my mouth deepened my regret, but I spoke the truth. 8 On September 23, 1987, Fosse suffered a heart attack outside the Willard Hotel in Washington, D.C. after a rehearsal for the revival of "Sweet Charity." He died on the way to the hospital. There he came under the tutelage of choreographers Mikhail Fokine, Anthony Tudor, and Agnes de Mille, and attracted attention in a number of roles, most notably as Fokines Petrouchka. No one really called Jerry back and told him to sit down, but I saw an essential if not career-defining opportunity about to disappear forever. Moments later I was in the hall with Jerry as she turned the corner, still sobbing. Robbins knew that this moment was crucially important. Robbins is world renowned as a successful choreographer and director in not only the musical theatre world . The simple story concerned three American sailors on a 24-hour shore leave in New York City and their search for female companionship. This genius for capturing the essence of an age was the Robbins signature. Their mesmerizing waltz ends in a kiss, only lips touching, as the swirl--and battles--of the dance around them soon puncture their world. hTKQ?3s]R3@!ew%"!g5 Ive heard Misha say he thought the work held elements of Jerrys own existence, with a protagonist haunted by demons or ghosts from his past. How many times had he seen those gags and yet fresh, spontaneous laughter erupted from him as if it was a first telling. Lester Horton, (born January 23, 1906, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.died November 2, 1953, Los Angeles, California), dancer and choreographer credited with launching the modern dance movement in Los Angeles and for establishing the country's first racially integrated dance company. In 1957, when dance rehearsals began for West Side Story, Robbins was a well-known choreographer for Broadway and ballet. The repetitive patterns of Glass music impelled images of city traffic and individuals preoccupied with their own paths. But watching the hour-long ballet, you sense daylight, the outdoors, and friends celebrating together to the array of Chopin mazurkas, etudes, and waltzes. In the early 1940s, when young Jerome Robbins was a dancer in a newly founded company, Ballet Theatre, he already had ambitions to be a choreographer, and he finally presented a scenario that. In the early 1940s, when young Jerome Robbins was a dancer in a newly founded company, Ballet Theatre, he already had ambitions to be a choreographer, and he finally presented a scenario that appealed to the management. In honor of Robbins centenary, here are a few things you should know about the legend. In his short career he developed a dance training technique that continued to be used by instructors into the . ", Carol Lawrence and Larry Kert in death scene from the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Martha Swope and Scenic Design by Oliver Smith, Rosaria Sinisi The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. Robbins attended New York University in 1935, intending to study either chemistry or journalism, but the Great Depression forced him to drop out because his family could no longer afford tuition. He also loved dogs. He never lost the desire to show communities onstage. The first quintessentially American choreographer, he fulfilled the American dream without ever fitting it: a small-town boy who. I wanted to ask if the scout was an American Indian or an Indian from India, but decided to figure it out later. 2018 would have marked his 100th birthday, and much of the world is celebrating his tremendous influence. Robbins received two Academy Awards (for the film West Side Story), four Tony Awards, two Emmy Awards, the Screen Directors Guild Award, the New York Drama Critics Circle Award, and the National Medal of the Arts. In the limpid Afternoon of a Faun, he emphasised the artifice. Dance Spirit New York City Ballet Celebrates Stravinsky and Balanchines Enduring Partnership This Spring, New York City Ballet Cancels Remaining Performances of, Choreographers Sidra Bell and Andrea Miller on Their Fall 2021 Premieres, How Sonya Yoncheva Is Bringing Her Experience as a Mother to, Lea Michele to Make Carnegie Hall Debut; Patti LuPone, Norm Lewis, More Will Return. He didnt say a word. His first paid job as a dancer came in the 1930's, where he worked at a summer camp ran by Max Liebman. The dancer burst into tears. I don't want to fall into profundities and artistry and surround everything with whipped cream. Two years later, in creating Afternoon of a Faun, he set his imprint on Claude Dbussys Prelude laprs midi dun faun, which accompanied Vaslav Nijinskys 1912 work for Serge Diaghilevs Ballets Russes. In 1948 Robbins joined the newly founded New York City Ballet (NYCB) as both dancer and choreographer, and the following year he became its associate artistic director under George Balanchine. The audience becomes the mirror into which they gaze, appraising everything they do. Jerry determined at a young age that the confines of his familys business were too much for him. Sign up for any or all of these newsletters Robbins resigned as codirector of NYCB in 1990, though he continued to choreograph for the company. Moves, an experimental work originally created for Jerome Robbins Ballets: U.S.A. in 1959. He often liked the dancing whether jazzy or classical to emerge naturally from walking or strolling. I remember many words, many moments, his belief in my ability and even his understanding of my misses. Jerry pushed me harder in Opus than in any other ballet. Known for distinct style with the use of rounding the shoulders, the use of the pelvis, isolation of the arms, and jazz hands. But Robbins most important legacy was the humanity of his art. Robbins made it in 1951 (the same year that The King and I, with his choreography, opened on Broadway). He granted us license to read the environment, suggesting each performance might allow for longer or shorter pauses. . Photo by Martha Swope/The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. Fun Facts (HUAC). On Balanchine's death in 1983, Robbins was appointed artistic director of New York City Ballet. Since 1958 Robbins had worked with the ballet company he had founded, Ballets U.S.A., which toured sporadically until 1961. No matter how abstract the work, you always sense an undertow of character and feeling in Robbins's work. 195 0 obj <> endobj In many musicals, he integrated dance seamlessly with character, story and music. Later, during a difficult rehearsal of the Spring section of Why is he up earlier than usual?. "Father of Theatrical Jazz Dance" Jack Cole. Photograph: AP, Scottish Ballet perform Afternoon of a Faun in 2006. Alternate titles: Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz. Why can't we talk about the way we dance today and how we are now? Jerome Robbins directs dancers in rehearsal for the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Martha Swope The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Robbins combined ballet,. The two stare, and then begin moving together, in sync but not touching. #100daysofRobbins #day13. hb```:VI aBEB8$@$ |,A:U'q+ UoD3-`[_iFF;Z0 ^ Copyright 1991-2023 Playbill Inc. All Rights Reserved. He worked on a string of hits, many of which became films: The King and I, The Pajama Game, Gypsy, Fiddler On the Roof and, most famous of all, West Side Story. In his lifetime, Robbins created 54 ballets and choreographed or directed more than 20 Broadway shows. West Coast jazz is often seen as a subgenre of cool jazz, which consisted of a calmer style than bebop or hard bop. Something went wrong, please try again later. When I finally made my entrance, Jerry stopped the pianist and headed towards me. Deprived of a college education by the Depression, he. Influence of Latin American music and dance enriched jazz dance: as was seen in : West Side Story, choreographed by Robbins. Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz was born in Manhattan on October 11, 1918. 200. Dancers in rehearsal for the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Friedman-Abeles The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. One of them, the late actress Madeleine Lee Gilford, says that as a result she and her husband, actor Jack Gilford, did not have any TV or film work and we managed mostly on unemployment insurance. Robbins himself never spoke of his testimony publicly; in his journal he wrote, Maybe I will never find a satisfying release from the guilt of it all.. In a windowless subterranean studio under the New York State Theater, I pulled back an imaginary arrow and let it fly. 0 Okay, Paul, good. The Robbins 100 tribute at the New York City Ballet continues through May 20. In 1962 he directed the American premiere of Arthur Kopit's mordant mother-son comedy, Oh, Dad, Poor Dad, Mama's Hung You In the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad and in 1963 a production of Brecht's Mother Courage and Her Children starring Anne Bancroft. Robbins programs, tributes and festivals are taking place in Pittsburgh, San Francisco, Chicago, Seattle, Miami, Paris and New York City. He was a resident choreographer and a ballet master there until 1983, when he and Peter Martins became ballet masters in chief (codirectors) of the company shortly before Balanchines death. Born Jerome Rabinowitz in 1918, he grew up in New Jersey and studied a range of dance styles including ballet, modern, Spanish, oriental and interpretive. Influence: Jack Cole, Diamonds Are a Girls Best Friend from Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. In 1964 he directed and choreographed Fiddler on the Roof, which became the longest running musical of its time. Bob Fosse is one of the most revered figures in the annals of jazz. Dance Spirit: Always on the beat Report this resourceto let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. An analysis of the life and works of the choreographers Jerome Robbins and Agnes de Mille and therole of dance in musical theatre. Jerome Robbins in rehearsal for the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Friedman-Abeles The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. Ballet, tap and ballroom. There are many elements of the original Fosse piece that you can see in this video; some of the opening dialogue, the set, the pony-tail hair throw, the dancers in cages, the isolations with punches and contractions, the knockout line from "The Heavyweight" section, the special effects, and more. Sign up for reopening news, announcements, and exclusive discounts on tickets to your favorite shows! St Pauls Place, Norfolk Street, Sheffield, S1 2JE. After leading Fedora earlier this season, the soprano is back at the Metropolitan Opera as Norma. Much of the original choreography is lovingly recreated in several sections also. The first program includes students from the Trudl Zipper Dance Institute, who will dance choreography by Jerome Robbins to live performances of Debussy's music. We didnt have a friendshipfew dancers didbut the respect was mutual and earned. The result was West Side Story, a show conceived, choreographed and directed by Robbins. Larry Kert and Carol Lawrence in dance at the gym scene from the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Martha Swope and Scenic Design by Oliver Smith, Rosaria Sinisi The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. (About this time he and his parents changed the family name to Robbins.) change, the influence of, for example, Ruth St. Denis on Cole, and the legacies of Cole and . The success of West Side Story was followed by a string of Broadway hits. He listened to recordings intently, over and over, and let them ignite images of a ballets atmosphere and those who peopled it. The costumes and props are the same in both numbers. Mr. Cole describes his passion for dance by drawing from other cultures. The Jerome Robbins Effect - Dramatics Magazine Jerome Robbins and the Role of Dance Google Arts & Culture Robbins created many important ballets for NYCB, some of the earliest being The Cage (1951), Afternoon of a Faun (1953), and The Concert (1956). get the Broadway The Golden Years Jerome Robbins And The connect that we give here and check out the link. He continued to make award-winning dances for Broadway as well, and with The King & I earned his first ticket to Hollywood. Meeting his standard or a shared standard was an apex of artistry, athleticism and even intellect. This ballet, featuring three American sailors on shore leave in New York City during World War II, displayed Robbins acute sense of theatre and his ability to capture the essence of contemporary American dance using the vocabulary of classical ballet. So what did you have for breakfast this morning? he asked. Robbins soon became not only king of Broadway, but also the first American-born ballet choreographer of international standing. When directing and choreographing Fiddler on the Roof (1964), having also offered his opinions on the scenario as it developed, he not only plumbed his own Russian heritage, he took various cast members to Jewish weddings. 3) Get Me Bodied by Beyonce "Get Me Bodied" is what I imagine "Rich Man's Frug" would look like if it was done in 2006 instead of 1969. Jerome Robbins's Notes for the Somewhere ballet. Some notables include Katherine Dunham, Michael Kidd, Jerome Robbins, Alvin Ailey, Gus Giordano, and Luigi (Eugene Louis Faccuito). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Yes, he was demanding, but his compliments were real and carried great weight. In 1948, he reconnected with Balanchine, who had just founded the New York City Ballet with Lincoln Kirstein. The stories of Jerrys anger are legendary. Robbins won the Antoinette Perry (Tony) Award for best choreographer in 1948 for High Button Shoes. The same programme is at Sadler's Wells in London, 1-5 December. His second ballet, Interplay (1945), told no complicated story, but the frisky kids it depicted sometimes just sat down and rested or watched a romance develop in their territory. Our website is made possible bydisplaying online advertisements to our visitors. Photograph: Tristram Kenton, Oscar winners for West Side Story (from left to right): George Chakiris, Jerome Robbins, Robert Wise and Rita Moreno. NEH Award Details. He loved academic ballet, but he also used popular styles and everyday movements. endstream endobj startxref The music relied relatively more on composition and arrangement than on the individually improvised playing of other jazz . Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In that moment, at age 10, I found one of the greatest coaches I would ever work with. February 24, 2023. The creators of West Side Story struggled for months to figure out how to start the story. At the age of 79, six weeks after overseeing a revival of Les Noces for New York City Ballet, he suffered a massive stroke and died July 29, 1998. George Balanchine was the choreographer Robbins most admired. General Info: 409.880.7011 4400 MLK Blvd., PO Box 10009, Beaumont, Texas 77710. His excessive demands during the rehearsal process frustrated and angered collaborators, creating tempestuous relationships. He couldnt connect the dots to his own behavior minutes ago. He worked with and choreographed for the company until 1989, when he resigned from his position of co-ballet master in chief. PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. In 1984, with the help of original cast member Wilma Curley, Jerry revived A multi-faceted individual, his work ranged from classical ballet to contemporary musical theater, and he also occasionally directed films and television programs. He was both, OK? He came down hard on artificiality and dancers who played to the audience. He fought his way through . The composer returns to the Metropolitan Opera with a new futuristic take on Wagner's epic. Michael Jackson's "Beat It" did so as well in 1982. Moves was performed without music, relying solely on the stomps, slaps and footsteps of the cast to create meter. Doubling Down on Debussy | San Francisco Classical Voice For his version of Wagner opera at the Metropolitan Opera, director Franois Girard went for a cosmic, fantastical setting. 215 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<2EC6FDBDB8198B439E063CFE7ED01FAF>]/Index[195 45]/Info 194 0 R/Length 93/Prev 50252/Root 196 0 R/Size 240/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream endstream endobj startxref Back then, he tended to think up ideas and then find music that would suit them. Robbins wanted dancers to approach classical steps as if rising onto pointe was no more unusual than an intake of breath, and a turn could seem a giddy impulse (no showing a planted preparation to spin as if it were interesting in itself). -#z Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz was born in New York on October 11, 1918 and raised in Weehawken, New Jersey. How did Jerome Robbins influence Bob Fosse? I stood by while he berated many dancers, ballet masters and pianists. This website and its content is subject to our Terms and What did the Prodigal eat? I love the way there are references to Fosse style, combined with new choreography utilizing the Fosse aesthetic. Brandenburg. 8o 300. He worked with and choreographed for the company until 1989, when he resigned from his position of co-ballet master in chief. Said former theatre critic Frank Rich, It was as if, for the first time, something modern and new was crashing into the commercial Broadway world. Robbins also co-directed the film version of West Side Story with Robert Wise; and although he was let go before completion for allowing his perfectionism to wreak havoc with the budget, he still won two of the movies ten Academy Awards, for his co-direction and his choreography. Jerome Robbins Biography - Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline Too slow, baby.. He also created the dance sequences for the musicals Call Me Madam (1950), Rodgers and Hammersteins The King and I (1951), and The Pajama Game (1954); and he adapted, choreographed, and directed a musical version of Peter Pan (1954) that was subsequently adapted for television in 1955 and for which Robbins won an Emmy Award. Christopher Browner TUCSON . After performing in several musicals, he joined Ballet Theatre (now American Ballet Theatre) in 1940, where he made his first piece at the age of 25, with a score by the equally young and unknown Leonard Bernstein. Jerome Robbins is valued as one of the most important artists of the 20th Century. "I was interested in many things. Jerome Robbins entered the scene with On the Town (1944), which actually began its life as a ballet called Fancy Free (1944) to a score by a young Leonard Bernstein. Frug was a type of dance in the l960s much like the twist, watusi, pony, etc. Theres no story; Robbins felt strongly about that. He sat in the front of the room and watched without interruption or emotion before rising to say I wasnt ready. At the same time, he continued in ballet, first with Ballet Theatre and, from 1948, with New York City Ballet. %PDF-1.5 % hbbd``b`$AD!` k'$X@H gH2b QKH0D4P#H1# X Photo by Martha Swope/The New York Library for the Performing Arts. %PDF-1.7 % His last work, Brandenburg, premiered there in 1997. His timing was impeccable and indisputable. The idea for West Side Story first came from choreographer Jerome Robbins, who in 1948 had an idea to modernize Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet using warring Jewish and Catholic street gangs as . My stories with Jerry took place during the last 22 years of his life. He demonstrated with articulation that defied age. Jerome Robbins, original surname Rabinowitz, (born Oct. 11, 1918, New York, N.Y., U.S.died July 29, 1998, New York City), one of the most popular and imaginative American choreographers of the 20th century. In the aftermath of HUAC he created some of his signature ballets Afternoon of a Faun and The Concert, both made for the ballerina Tanaquil Le Clercq and extended his theatrical reach to directing as well as choreographing with Pajama Game, Peter Pan, and Bells Are Ringing. Dance Magazine: Move and be moved Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. For the next three years he worked on an experimental theatre project, the American Theatre Laboratory, but in 1969 he returned to NYCB. New York City Ballet was not unfamiliar to him; he had performed in the company and made ballets for it during the late 1940s and early 1950s, juggling that job and stints choreographing musicals. In 1953, he testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee about a brief Communist-party membership. Bob Fosse. How the Choreography of Jerome Robbins Shaped Ballet and Broadway. Originally intended to fund dance and theatre projects, the foundation also provided financial support to projects combating the effects of the AIDS crisis. 200. . Updates? Blocking belongson the stage,not on websites. He wanted them to look real despite their virtuosity, to see and react to the others onstage. Copyright: The Robbins Rights Trust Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz was born in New York on October 11, 1918 and raised in Weehawken, New Jersey. What was Robbins' next big success on Broadway in 1964? My first rehearsal with the legendary choreographer was underway. After every show, he weighed in. Though patience was tested, I found his process hugely rewarding. Jerome Robbins rehearsing West Side Story film.Copyright: The Robbins Rights Trust. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Madonna paid tribute to the original Marilyn Monroe number in her Material Girl video choreographed in 1985 by Kenny Ortega. 9-11 July, Lowry, Salford. The Jets and Sharks in West Side Story are not chorus boys. Theyre edgy, they hunker down into dancing or launch themselves into the air without denying that effort. %%EOF Jerome Robbins and the Role of Dance Google Arts & Culture His influence on all aspects of technique, choreographic style, music, costume, lighting and stage design has been far-reaching. 1)Ginger Rodgers 2)Cyd Charisse 3)Rita Hayworth Robbins carried remorse over the incident for the rest of his life. Though my second shot was met with approval, each subsequent performance was held to his high standard, with some hitting the mark and some less successful. But with Jerry, it was always about the work and making the work as good as it could possibly be. Jerome Robbins: Something to Dance About | The National Endowment for He's also worked with no music (Moves, 1959) and with almost no movement (Watermill, 1972). Influenced on American Jazz. Flashcards | Quizlet In making Fancy Free, for example, he had absorbed Paul Cadmus raunchy paintings of sailors and their girlfriendspaintings with such names as Follow the Fleet and Shore Leave. At the "Dance at the Gym," Tony and Maria see each other--and stand still. It wasnt personal. Created on PowerPoint so therefore can be edited easily to provide the best resource for your students. Jerome Robbins's Notes for the Somewhere ballet. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. F ak.0A&h:4PaV/ZC`57 lLey0fz3m u h~ f5h.^&. He was, however, tortured by doubts and insecurities. This is so much better than having to continue that rehearsal., Balanchine and Robbins working on 1972s Pulcinella at NYCB. It wasnt that he wasnt helpful or encouraging, just begrudgingly so. Your rating is required to reflect your happiness. Sometimes, it is hard to understand how they connect. Q & A with Producer/Director Judy Kinberg. It did. And eight months later Robbins and his collaborators turned the ballet into On the Town, a Broadway hit that extended the boundaries of what the musical could achieve. He won acclaim for highly innovative ballets structured within the traditional framework of classical dance movements. Fancy Free, a story of sailors on shore leave, melded jazz, popular and classical styles. Robbins joined the newly formed New York City Ballet in 1949 and was quickly named associate artistic director under George Balanchine. The aesthetics of jazz dance have forever made an impact on the dance world. Did you hear the coughing? In 1958 Robbins formed a charitable organization bearing his name, the Jerome Robbins Foundation. At a time when many people doubted that ballet could ever be an American art, Robbins made it one: his choreography encompassed contemporary neuroses, street style, urban cool and pretension-puncturing comedy. Tomorrow you rehearse with Mr. Robbins.. This resource is useful for teaching the American Jazz Dance strand of A Level Dance. I had seen the premiere with Mikhail Baryshnikov and Patricia McBride not long after my debut as Cupid in Mother Goose. Jazz dance is second to ballet in the positioning . Jerry was a coach like no other. Good! said ballet master Tommy Abbott. The son of Russian-Jewish immigrants, Rabinowitz studied chemistry for one year at New York University before embarking on a career as a dancer in 1936. It was after Fiddler on the Roof that Robbins turned his attention more exclusively to the ballet. Jerome Robbins | American choreographer | Britannica QUICK FACTS Name: Jerome Robbins. A Look at the Amazing Jack Cole: Dancer - L.A. Dance Chronicle Jerry had the latter. Q( He won Tony Awards, Oscars, accolades and honors, and yet demons and self-doubt characterized much of his existence. There he won audiences with his performances in Balanchines Prodigal Son, Tyl Ulenspiegel and other ballets, and with the innovative, character-based choreography of such works as The Guests, Age of Anxiety, and The Cage. Jerome Robbins was caught between the moon and New York City. JAZZ Beginning Dance Jeopardy Template The first quintessentially American choreographer, he fulfilled the American dream without ever fitting it: a small-town boy who made it big in ballet and on Broadway, he was also a self-proclaimed "Jewish ex-commie fag who had to go into a mental hospital". Natan Zamansky It was a role given to the tiniest boy who could follow directions at the School of American Ballet. His Broadway career is well represented by West Side Story (1957), a musical that transplants the tragic story of Romeo and Juliet to the gritty milieu of rival street gangs in New York City. And Bachs intricacies are countered by moods Robbins sensed in the music, while his imagery suggests members of a ballet company at workcolleagues watching one another, leading a group, fitting in. Please consider supporting us bywhitelisting playbill.com with your ad blocker.Thank you! We were asked to remember versions A, B, C and D, with each letter having a numbered version as well: A1, A2, A3, B1, et cetera. 0 1960's socio-political . Jerome Robbins and Agnes de Mille - UKEssays.com West Coast jazz - Wikipedia Give me something to dance about and Ill dance it, he once told Irving Berlin. Tes Global Ltd is The second features chamber music masterpieces, including the composer's well-known String Quartet performed by Quartet Integra. What three dancers did Fred Astaire dance with? Jerome Robbins directs the cast in rehearsal for the stage production West Side Story (1957) by Martha Swope The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. Why cant we talk about the way we dance today, and how we are? Recruiting an unknown young American composer named Leonard Bernstein to write a score, he concocted Fancy Free, a jazz-inflected ballet about three sailors on shore leave that received 22 curtain calls at its premiere on April 22, 1944. He has often matched movement closely to music, such as the piano pieces Dances at a Gathering or In the Night. As he started to leave, I called him back and asked for another chance. h He nurtured many and helped those he worked with find their best selves. He constantly questioned his work, doubting its merit and revising frequently. %Rpo4QR!J+B!j Y-IR[z0d`Fu2.BlH@\dZQ,/qd%tt_OiXdY^C2TKgL#' L)$2Me:L,d!srl3h>HJeNJbIeyE/ftI$ifx |Jg6jyB~|k@I9~Wy1gVu[%$2N6%A1$)&\2/z il[:o[$dfZsjv(j&G#/2?|0 'vvcc8Fo/Y